What are some examples of how C# and Java differ in syntax and capabilities?

C# on the left, Java on the right:

1. Properties: You will immediately notice, that in java you have to write get/set methods instead of properties.

2. Virtual/Final:  Very important difference is, that all methods and properties in java are implicitly virtual. In C# you have to explicitly tell that the property or method is virtual. On the other side, in java, you have to implicitly tell that a method is final (resp, sealed).

3. In C# you can also write properties and method using Lambda syntax (see Test property);

4. In C# you can write optional method parameters. In Java you can achieve the same by method overloading:

Related : To Learn C# fromSratch

5. implicit typing:

//C#:
var person = new Person(); 
//variable person is of type Person, obviosly
 
//Java
Person person = new Person(); //variable type must be expressed explicitelly 

6. Linq:
given that I have following collection of people:

var people = new[]
{
   new Person { FirstName = "Daniel", LastName = "Turan" },
   new Person { FirstName = "John", LastName = "Smith" }, 
   new Person { FirstName = "John", LastName = "Brown" }
}

in C# i can query against the collection like:

var me = people .Where(p => p.FirstName == "Daniel").First();
 
var numberOfJohns = people.Count(p => p.FirstName == "John");
 
var mostFrequestNames = people
   .GroupBy(p => p.FirstName)
   .OrderByDescenting(group => group.Count())
   .Select(group => new
   {
      Name = group.Key,
      Occurences = group.Count()
   });

Linq has fundamentally changes the way we write C# code. In java there is still no alternative that is good enough.

There is much more syntactic sweetness in C#, like async/await, which greatly improves readability and maintainability of asynchronous code, string interpolation, extension method and a lot more.

References :

• Learn C# Programming App

• What's new in C#

• Learn Java Programming App